Which of the following is a psychosocial etiology of PMADs?

Trauma history is identified as a psychosocial etiology of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs). This is grounded in the understanding that psychological factors, such as experiences of trauma, can significantly affect a person's mental health, particularly during the perinatal period, which includes pregnancy and the postpartum phase. Traumatic experiences—whether they are related to previous adverse events, birthing experiences, or postpartum challenges—can contribute to the development of PMADs by influencing how an individual copes with stress and their emotional well-being.

The link between trauma and PMADs is supported by research which indicates that those with a history of trauma are at an increased risk for mood and anxiety disorders. This could manifest through various symptoms, potentially exacerbating the challenges faced during the perinatal period such as hormonal changes, adjustment to new roles, and other stressors.

In contrast, genetic predisposition relates more directly to biological factors, while environmental toxins and sleep disorders might influence health in different ways but do not fall strictly under psychosocial factors. Thus, trauma history is particularly relevant in the context of psychosocial influences on PMADs, making it the correct choice in this scenario.