Which group is at increased risk for PMADs?

The correct answer is that women from all backgrounds are at increased risk for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs). This inclusivity highlights the understanding that PMADs can affect a broad spectrum of women regardless of their socioeconomic status, ethnicity, educational background, or mental health history. Research has demonstrated that various factors contribute to the risk of developing PMADs, such as hormonal changes, biological predisposition, life stressors, and social support systems.

While certain groups may have heightened vulnerabilities based on specific circumstances (like previous mental health issues or being a single mother), stating that all women are at risk encompasses the reality that PMADs can affect anyone during the perinatal period. This comprehensive perspective helps in tailoring screenings, support, and treatment approaches across different demographics, promoting awareness and prevention strategies for all women.

The other choices, while they may refer to specific scenarios that could contribute to increased risks in certain populations, do not capture the universality of the issue, which is fundamental to understanding perinatal mental health.