Which factor is a non-biological cause of PMADs?

Marital discord is indeed a non-biological cause of Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PMADs). This factor pertains to the emotional and relational dynamics between partners during the perinatal period, which can significantly influence a person's mental health. Difficulties in a relationship, such as conflict, lack of support, or feelings of isolation, can create high levels of stress and emotional strain during a time that is already challenging.

PMADs, including postpartum depression and anxiety, are influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. While there are biological contributors such as hormonal changes and genetics, non-biological factors can also play a crucial role in raising the risk of these disorders. These non-biological factors encompass elements under the umbrella of social and emotional conditions.

The other options focus on various aspects of personal well-being. Dietary issues and sleep deprivation might have some psychological aspects but are often considered as biological or physical issues impacting mental health. Financial status can also create significant emotional stress but is more typically categorized under environmental influences or stressors that are situational rather than intrinsically relational. Overall, marital discord stands out as a critical non-biological factor because it directly affects emotional support and coping mechanisms during the perinatal period.