Which class of medications has no increase in birth defects or pregnancy complications when used during pregnancy?

Atypical antipsychotics are considered to have a relatively favorable safety profile regarding the risk of birth defects and pregnancy complications when used during pregnancy. Research indicates that the use of atypical antipsychotics does not significantly increase the risk of major congenital malformations compared to the general population. This is crucial for maintaining the mental health of pregnant individuals, as untreated mental health conditions can pose greater risks to both the mother and the fetus.

In contrast, stimulant medications are associated with potential risks that might affect fetal development, such as low birth weight or premature birth. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), while commonly prescribed, have mixed evidence regarding their safety during pregnancy; some studies have reported an association with birth defects, particularly in the first trimester. Opioids also carry significant risks, including neonatal abstinence syndrome and other complications, when used during pregnancy.

Understanding these differences is critical for healthcare providers when considering treatment options for pregnant individuals with mental health disorders, ensuring they weigh the benefits of treatment against any potential risks.