What risk is associated with perinatal stimulant use?

The correct answer highlights a significant concern associated with perinatal stimulant use. Stimulant use during pregnancy is linked to an increased risk of various adverse outcomes, including gestational diabetes. This condition arises when a woman's body cannot produce enough insulin during pregnancy, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. The physiological changes that occur during pregnancy can be compounded by stimulant use, which can affect glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, thereby increasing the likelihood of developing gestational diabetes.

In contrast, other options imply positive outcomes or a lack of risk, which do not reflect the evidence from research in perinatal health. It is important to note that stimulant use during pregnancy has not been shown to improve pregnancy outcomes or reduce the likelihood of NICU admissions; rather, studies indicate potential risks including poor fetal growth and preterm labor, making the understanding of these risks critical for healthcare providers working in perinatal care.