What pregnancy outcomes are associated with ACES?

The correct choice highlights the connection between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and significant adverse pregnancy outcomes, specifically higher rates of premature births and low birth weights. Research has consistently demonstrated that individuals with a history of ACEs may experience increased stress and health complications during pregnancy, leading to these negative outcomes. Stress and trauma can affect maternal health behaviors, access to healthcare, and even biological responses that influence fetal development.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the associations established in studies regarding ACEs. Increased birth weights and lower incidences of gestational diabetes or preeclampsia do not correlate with heightened ACEs; instead, they can be influenced by various other factors such as nutrition, healthcare access, and genetics. Understanding the impact of ACEs is crucial for addressing the health disparities and risks faced by pregnant individuals with such experiences, underscoring the need for supportive interventions and care strategies.