What are the potential neonatal effects of medication exposure during the third trimester?

The potential neonatal effects of medication exposure during the third trimester are best captured by the idea of negative impacts on growth and labor timing. During this crucial period, a developing fetus is particularly susceptible to external substances, including medications.

Exposure to certain medications can interfere with normal fetal development, potentially leading to complications such as low birth weight and preterm birth. These issues directly relate to growth, as they can hinder the fetus's ability to gain weight and develop properly. Additionally, medication exposure can alter the timing of labor, leading to premature delivery, which can have lasting effects on the infant's health and development.

The other choices imply positive or neutral effects, which do not align with the potential risks associated with medication exposure. For example, increased cognitive development and peak developmental performance suggest enhancements that are typically not observed in infants who have been exposed to harmful substances in utero. Similarly, immunity enhancement could be misleading as many medications do not improve the immune system in neonates; instead, they may present risks to neonatal health. This understanding underscores the importance of careful medication management during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, to protect fetal well-being.